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110,967 skills indexed with the new KISS metadata standard.

Showing 24 of 110,967Categories: Coding & Debugging, Data, Openclaw, General
Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- For data frames

operates on whole rows. For lists

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- Atomic vectors recycle to match longest column

but only if exact multiple. Protect with `I()` to prevent conversion.

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- `cbind(NULL)` returns `NULL` (not a matrix). For consistency

`rbind(NULL)` also returns `NULL`.

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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- `rbind` on data frames matches columns **by name**

not position. Missing columns get `NA`.

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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- Result is always an **array** (even 1D)

class table. Convert to data frame with `as.data.frame(tbl)`.

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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- `cbind` on data frames calls `data.frame(...)`

not `cbind.matrix`. Mixing matrices and data frames can give unexpected results.

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- Supports formula syntax: `split(df

~ Month)`.

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- If `f` is a list of factors

interaction is used; levels containing `.` can cause unexpected splits unless `sep` is changed.

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- `...` args to FUN are **not** divided into cells — they apply globally

so FUN should not expect additional args with same length as X.

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- `by = 0` or `by = row.names` merges on row names

adding a Row.names column.

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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- Default `by` is `intersect(names(x)

names(y))` — can silently merge on unintended columns if data frames share column names.

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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- Returns an **array** (not a data frame). Class info on return values is **discarded** (e.g.

Date objects become numeric).

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- `...` args cannot share names with `X`

`MARGIN`

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- `sapply` can return a vector

matrix

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- Return value orientation is transposed: if FUN returns length-n vector

result has dim `c(n

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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- On a **data frame**

`apply` coerces to matrix via `as.matrix` first — mixed types become character.

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- Factors

raw vectors

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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- Matrix indexing a data frame (`df[cbind(i

j)]`) coerces to matrix first — avoid.

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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- Data frame `[` with single column: `df[

1]` returns a **vector** (drop=TRUE default for columns)

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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- `subset` argument uses **non-standard evaluation** — column names are resolved in the data frame

which can silently pick up wrong variables in programmatic use. Use `[` with explicit logic in functions.

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Coding & Debugging
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- Factor indexing: `x[f]` uses integer codes of factor `f`

not its character labels. Use `x[as.character(f)]` for label-based indexing.

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- `m[j = 2

i = 1]` is `m[2

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

> Non-obvious behaviors

gotchas

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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdown

- `stl` requires `s.window` (seasonal window) — must be specified

no default. `s.window = periodic` assumes fixed seasonality.

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