Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- Default bandwidth: bw = nrd0 (Silverman's rule of thumb). For multimodal data
consider SJ or bcv.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- Nine type options (1-9). Default type = 7 (R default
linear interpolation). Type 1 = inverse of empirical CDF (SAS default). Types 4-9 are continuous; 1-3 are discontinuous.
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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- Default kernel: gaussian. Range of density extends beyond data range (controlled by cut
default 3 bandwidths).
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- method = euclidean (default). Other options: manhattan
maximum
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- prcomp uses SVD (numerically superior); princomp uses eigen on covariance (less stable
N-1 vs N scaling).
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Methods: holm (default)
BH (Benjamini-Hochberg FDR)
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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Returns a matrix of p-values
not test statistics.
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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- For composite hypotheses (parameters estimated from data)
p-values are conservative (too large). Use dgof or ks.test with exact = NULL for discrete distributions.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Paired test: paired = TRUE uses signed-rank test (Wilcoxon)
not rank-sum (Mann-Whitney).
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- For tables larger than 2x2
uses simulation (simulate.p.value = TRUE) or network algorithm.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- exact = TRUE by default for small samples with no ties. With ties
normal approximation used.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- simulate.p.value = TRUE: Monte Carlo with B = 2000 replicates (min p ~ 0.0005). Simulation assumes...
not the chi-sq assumption).
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Return object includes $expected
$residuals (Pearson)
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- For goodness-of-fit: pass a vector
not a matrix. p must sum to 1 (or set rescale.p = TRUE).
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- uniroot: finds a root of f in `[lower
upper]. Requires f(lower) and f(upper)` to have opposite signs.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
Non-obvious behaviors
gotchas
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- `anova(model1
model2)`: F-test comparing nested models.
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Coding & Debugging
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- SANN (simulated annealing): convergence code is always 0 — it never fails. maxit = total function...
no other stopping criterion.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Returns object with predict
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- Default method is Nelder-Mead (no gradients
robust but slow). Poor for 1D — use Brent or optimize().
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- predict.glm with type = response gives predictions on the response scale (e.g.
probabilities for logistic); type = link (default) gives on the link scale.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- lowess parameter is f (span
default 2/3); loess parameter is span (default 0.75).
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- lowess is the older function; returns `list(x
y)` — cannot predict at new points.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Direction: direction = both (default)
forward
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