General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- ... args to FUN are not divided into cells — they apply globally
so FUN should not expect additional args with same length as X.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- by = 0 or by = row.names merges on row names
adding a Row.names column.
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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- Default by is `intersect(names(x)
names(y))` — can silently merge on unintended columns if data frames share column names.
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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- Returns an array (not a data frame). Class info on return values is discarded (e.g.
Date objects become numeric).
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- ... args cannot share names with X
MARGIN
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- sapply can return a vector
matrix
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Factors
raw vectors
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Return value orientation is transposed: if FUN returns length-n vector
result has dim `c(n
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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- On a data frame
apply coerces to matrix via as.matrix first — mixed types become character.
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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- subset argument uses non-standard evaluation — column names are resolved in the data frame
which can silently pick up wrong variables in programmatic use. Use [ with explicit logic in functions.
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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Matrix indexing a data frame (`df[cbind(i
j)]`) coerces to matrix first — avoid.
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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- Data frame [ with single column: `df[
1]` returns a vector (drop=TRUE default for columns)
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Coding & Debugging
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- Factor indexing: x[f] uses integer codes of factor f
not its character labels. Use x[as.character(f)] for label-based indexing.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- `m[j = 2
i = 1] is m[2
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
Non-obvious behaviors
gotchas
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 28
- stl requires s.window (seasonal window) — must be specified
no default. s.window = periodic assumes fixed seasonality.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- stl result components: $time.series matrix with columns seasonal
trend
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- decompose: simpler than stl
uses moving averages. type = additive or multiplicative.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- `arima(x
order = c(p
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- vignette() lists all vignettes; `vignette(name
package = pkg)` opens a specific one.
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Data
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- `ts(data
start
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- `format(object.size(x)
units = MB)` for human-readable output.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Update with `setTxtProgressBar(pb
value). Close with close(pb)`.
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General
PromptBeginner5 minmarkdownQuality: 24
- Style 1: rotating |/-\
style 2: simple progress. Only style 3 shows percentage.
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